New research, published earlier this month in JAMA Oncology, analyzed the electronic health records of more than 1.2 million patients who were given antidiabetic agents from 2005–2019.

The research team examined the effects of GLP-1 RAs on their incidence of CRC, as compared to those prescribed other antidiabetic drugs. They discovered the following:

Overall, GLP-1 RAs, like Ozempic, lowered the rate of CRC.

Due to the drug class’ ability to combat obesity, there are certain factors to consider in this correlation.

He explained that patients with diabetes or obesity have a higher likelihood of dying from colorectal cancer, too.

“Our study looked at cancer prevention, not mechanism,” he told Health. “However, the GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced CRC incidence in patients with or without overweight and obesity.”

Extensive and prolonged clinical trials are needed to further investigate GLP-1 RAs association with cancer risks and progression, explained McFadden. 

Assessing the Risk For Colorectal Cancer

As the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., the Colorectal Cancer Alliance estimates that about 153,020 people will be diagnosed with CRC this year.

The median age of diagnosis for both men and women is 66 years old. However, rates for people under 50 increased by 2.2% each year between 2007 and 2016.

African Americans have the second highest incidence of CRC and mortality rates, with a 20% higher incidence and 35% higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer.

“The disparities in colorectal cancer within the African-American community are linked to genetic factors, more aggressive tumor biology, lower rates of screening, and socioeconomic disparities,” McFadden told Health.

“Additionally, a stigma that this disease is a disease of ‘older, white men’ exists, which causes many African Americans to ignore preventive strategies,” he said.

He explained that other risk factors associated with colorectal cancer include: 

• Family history of the disease
• Tobacco and alcohol consumption
• Age (the older you are, the greater your risk)
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diet
• Obesity
• Previous radiation exposure

“There are extensive algorithms available to assess the risk of CRC, which is especially increased by overweight/obesity and by diabetes,” Berger said.

He explained that people can screen for CRC by a variety of tests, including FIT, colonoscopy, and Cologuard.

For people with a strong family history of CRC or specific genetic syndromes, genetic testing is often recommended to assess inherited risk factors, explained McFadden.

“However, regardless of the family history, it is crucial to report any unusual symptoms or concerns related to the digestive system, such as changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal pain, or unintended weight loss,” he said.

Preventative Screening Is the Best Defense Against Colorectal Cancer

Regular screenings significantly contribute to the prevention of CRC.

In fact, with screening, colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.

“Irrespective of age, individuals should undergo a colonoscopy if they experience any symptoms associated with colorectal cancer, such as rectal bleeding, alterations in bowel habits, abdominal pain, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss,” he said.

The Fund provides free colonoscopies for Black Americans, free online screening quizzes, financial assistance for non-medical expenses related to CRC screening and treatment, and more. 

“If colorectal cancer is diagnosed, doctors will help with understanding the stage of the cancer and explore appropriate treatment options that may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these,” said McFadden.

In complex cases, or when faced with difficult treatment decisions, McFadden explained that seeking a second opinion from another qualified healthcare professional can provide additional perspectives and insights.